Aristotles Categories
Category came into use with Aristotle's essay Categories, in which he discussed univocal and equivocal terms, predication, and ten categories:[23|23]
- Substance, essence (ousia) – examples of primary substance: this man, this horse; secondary substance (species, genera): man, horse
- Quantity (poson, how much), discrete or continuous – examples: two cubits long, number, space, (length of) time.
- Quality (poion, of what kind or description) – examples: white, black, grammatical, hot, sweet, curved, straight.
- Relation (pros ti, toward something) – examples: double, half, large, master, knowledge.
- Place (pou, where) – examples: in a marketplace, in the Lyceum
- Time (pote, when) – examples: yesterday, last year
- Position, posture, attitude (keisthai, to lie) – examples: sitting, lying, standing
- State, condition (echein, to have or be) – examples: shod, armed
- Action (poiein, to make or do) – examples: to lance, to heat, to cool (something)
- Affection, passion (paschein, to suffer or undergo) – examples: to be lanced, to be heated, to be cooled