International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance (IHRA)

The International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance (IHRA) provides a non-legally binding working definition of antisemitism. According to this definition:

1. Antisemitism is a certain perception of Jews, which may be expressed as hatred toward Jews.
2. Rhetorical and physical manifestations of antisemitism are directed toward:
   • Jewish or non-Jewish individuals and/or their property.
   • Jewish community institutions and religious facilities.

To guide IHRA’s work, the following examples illustrate manifestations of antisemitism:

• Targeting Israel: While criticism of Israel similar to that leveled against any other country is not antisemitic, targeting Israel as a Jewish collectivity might fall under this definition.

• Sinister Stereotypes: Antisemitism often charges Jews with conspiring to harm humanity. It employs negative character traits and sinister stereotypes.

• Holocaust Denial: Denying the Holocaust’s fact, scope, mechanisms (e.g., gas chambers), or intentionality is considered antisemitic.

• Accusations and Allegations: Accusing Jews as a people of being responsible for wrongdoing committed by a single Jewish person or group, or even by non-Jews, is also included.

• Loyalty Accusations: Accusing Jewish citizens of being more loyal to Israel than to their own nations is another form of antisemitism1.

  In summary, the IHRA definition aims to provide clarity and promote awareness about antisemitism, while also safeguarding free speech and legitimate discourse1.!Untitled.loom